While much has been written and studied about such energy solutions as solar energy, wind energy and biofuels, there has not been enough written about a clean energy solution that, besides solving global warming, also stands to solve freshwater depletion, deliver convenient round-the-clock water and energy, and replace two infrastructures with one integrated system of pipes.
The solution is Hydrogen Transmission Network (HTN). The Hydrogen Transmission Network will use solar energy to perform electrolysis of ocean water and send the resulting hydrogen through pipes to all places of energy and water consumption, there to react with oxygen in the air to create clean energy and clean water at once. The hydrogen will be plentiful and available around the clock, delivering convenience to the user. No carbon will be involved in the process at any stage.
HTN will replace two expensive and inefficient systems - electricity grid and water system - with a single elegant network whose energy efficiency will be greater than that of the current electric grid. It will end the burden on the freshwater resources, that are running out in much of the world. As an added benefit, it will make it possible to fuel a fleet of hydrogen-powered vehicles.
HTN has been reviewed and found to be technically and economically feasible. It stands to be a full solution. Environmentally, it stands to resolve both the global warming crisis and the water crisis that is taking place in much of the world. Economically, it stands to create vast numbers of jobs to lift the economy and realize vast economic benefit in the long term by replacing two systems - electric grid and water system - with one integrated network of hydrogen pipes. And technologically, it stands to replace a large array of power plants and expensive, wasteful electric transmission lines with much cheaper and more efficient hydrogen pipes connected to one or several ocean-side electrolysis plants.
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Geothermal
Geothermal Power
In the United States, geothermal energy has been used to generate electricity on a large-scale since 1960. Through research and development, geothermal power is becoming more cost effective and competitive with fossil fuels.
Heat from the Earth—geothermal energy—heats water that has seeped into underground reservoirs. These reservoirs can be tapped for a variety of uses, depending on the temperature of the water. The energy from high temperature reservoirs (225º–600ºF) can be used to produce electricity. There are currently three types of geothermal power plants:
Dry SteamDry steam plants use steam from underground wells to rotate a turbine, which activates a generator to produce electricity. There are only two known underground resources of steam in the United States: The Geysers in northern California and Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park. Since Yellowstone is protected from development, the power plants at The Geysers are the only dry steam plants in the country.
Flash StreamThe most common type of geothermal power plant, flash steam plants use waters at temperatures greater than 360ºF. As this hot water flows up through wells in the ground, the decrease in pressure causes some of the water to boil into steam. The steam is then used to power a generator and any leftover water and condensed steam is returned to the reservoir.
Binary CycleBinary cycle plants use the heat from lower-temperature reservoirs (225º–360ºF) to boil a working fluid, which is then vaporized in a heat exchanger and used to power a generator. The water, which never comes into direct contact with the working fluid, is then injected back into the ground to be reheated.
Geothermal energy originates from deep within the Earth and produces minimal emissions.
Photo credit: Pacific Gas & Electric(Source: U.S. Department of Energy)
In the United States, geothermal energy has been used to generate electricity on a large-scale since 1960. Through research and development, geothermal power is becoming more cost effective and competitive with fossil fuels.
Heat from the Earth—geothermal energy—heats water that has seeped into underground reservoirs. These reservoirs can be tapped for a variety of uses, depending on the temperature of the water. The energy from high temperature reservoirs (225º–600ºF) can be used to produce electricity. There are currently three types of geothermal power plants:
Dry SteamDry steam plants use steam from underground wells to rotate a turbine, which activates a generator to produce electricity. There are only two known underground resources of steam in the United States: The Geysers in northern California and Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park. Since Yellowstone is protected from development, the power plants at The Geysers are the only dry steam plants in the country.
Flash StreamThe most common type of geothermal power plant, flash steam plants use waters at temperatures greater than 360ºF. As this hot water flows up through wells in the ground, the decrease in pressure causes some of the water to boil into steam. The steam is then used to power a generator and any leftover water and condensed steam is returned to the reservoir.
Binary CycleBinary cycle plants use the heat from lower-temperature reservoirs (225º–360ºF) to boil a working fluid, which is then vaporized in a heat exchanger and used to power a generator. The water, which never comes into direct contact with the working fluid, is then injected back into the ground to be reheated.
Geothermal energy originates from deep within the Earth and produces minimal emissions.
Photo credit: Pacific Gas & Electric(Source: U.S. Department of Energy)
